台灣死刑

標題 : 「理性與寬容」（王清峰）

「人類生命不可剝奪，是凌駕所有法律的至高法則」—法國大文豪．維克多．雨果

死刑是最危險的刑罰。從事審判的是「人」，而不是「神」，同樣的一套證據可能因法官的判斷不同而做出不一樣的判決，甚至使被告在死刑與無罪之間徘徊，蘇建和案是一例，最近定讞的殺害員警林安順案，亦復如是。

...... 廢除死刑是世界人權的思潮，「人人有權享有生命、自由與人身安全」（1948年世界人權宣言）。目前全世界有104個國家廢除死刑，實際上超過10年不執行死刑的國家有35個，合計139個國家，佔7成以上。即使維持死刑的58個國家，目前執行死刑的也只有25個國家。 ......

台灣近年來的民調，有四分之三的民意反對廢除死刑，但若有配套措施，支持廢除死刑的民意則超過5成，若死刑犯悔改可否改判無期徒刑，亦有65.5%贊成，顯然民眾在理性上仍可接受廢除死刑。......

★ 歐洲譴責台灣 <European Union> Brussels, press May 1, 2010

Statement by the spokesperson of HR on the resumption of executions in Taiwan

The spokesperson of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the Commission C. Ashton has issues the following statement today:

The High Representative condemns the executions in Taiwan ...

The High Representative deplores the resumption of executions in Taiwan. The European Union had been encouraged by the de facto moratorium on executions which had been in place since 2005 and which had been continued by the adm. of President Ma Ying Jeou.

The European Union's strongly held view in favour of the abolition of capital punishment is well known. The European Union considers that the abolition of the death penalty contributes to the enhancement of human dignity and the progressive development of human rights. It is the European Union's view that the death penalty does not serve as an effective deterrent, and that any miscarriage of justice, which is inevitable in any legal system, is irreversible.

.......

The European Union urges the Government of Taiwan immediately to resume the de facto moratorium on the death penalty, pending legal abolition, which should include all cases still on death row in Taiwan. The European Union further urges the Government of Taiwan to resume a policy towards eventual abolition of the death penalty, in line with the global trend towards universal abolition.

★ <聯合報 ╱社論> , 中国 <中新网>3月11日电 Mar 11 Thu 2010

標題 : 「死刑存廢：法務部長不是第四審」

... 儘管世界過半國家都已廢除死刑，但民主如美國，目前僅十幾州通過廢除死刑... 以日本為例，上月公布的民調，有高達八成五的民眾支持死刑；這顯示一般庶民對於重大殘暴犯罪行為的恐懼，認為無死刑可能引發犯罪者的儌倖心理而增添兇殘暴行，且失社會公道。

回看台灣的情況，雖然國、民兩黨主政者都支持廢除死刑，也均透過法務部門要求法官減少死刑的判決；......我國目前未執行的死刑犯增加到四十四人。... 或許是凶手實在罪無可赦，法官欲免其一死亦「於法無據」政府可為應為者有二：一是由法務部主動提出廢除死刑的條例，送交立法院審議，... 第二，若上述法案無法通過，則應退而求其次推動「死刑暫緩執行條例」，使目前光憑部長一人說了算的「不執行」作法，取得法律依據。

成為一個「無死刑」的國度，或許是台灣應有的追求。但如何在現有社會基礎上實現這個目標，主事者除了需要時間來建立社會共識，更應積極努力朝法制化邁進；...

★ <聯合報 > , 2010.05.08

「法官不是神也會誤判」／張娟芬

死刑，一旦誤判，就無法補救... 蘇建和案，盧正案，徐自強案，邱和順案；這些可疑冤案相關論證已多。...

林瓊嘉...法官。..投書聯合報... 他判錯了！一個罪不至死的人，被林瓊嘉判了死刑 ...

有人認為「廢除死刑」是一個太過理想的主張。其實剛好相反，支持死刑，才是一個太過理想、罔顧現實的主張。... 支持死刑的朋友們相信法官是神，然而他們不是。... 他們也會犯錯。

★ <蘋果日報> May 1, 2010

「醫學專業團體看死刑」黃嵩立

.......世界醫師聯合會在1981年就聲明醫師參與死刑的任何階段都是不合倫理的行為, 美國醫師學會禁止會員參與死刑之執行,...... 英國醫師學會...更於2001年發表聲明反對死刑

美國公共衛生協會: ...... 死刑助長謀殺案及社會混亂並降低社會對人類生命尊重...... 至少有25位無辜者在美國被處以死刑,...... 實證研究未能證明死刑具有嚇阻犯罪的作用,.....死刑特別不利於少數族群與窮人

　

★ <中國時報> 2010-05-13

「孔傑榮專欄－執行死刑程序先改革」

... 廢死聯盟準備在五月三日期限前遞交授權書，並同時繼續探求另一名死刑犯柯世銘的釋憲意願。但是此前監獄拒絕讓廢死聯盟人員與柯世銘會面，理由是柯違規禁見。監獄沒說違反甚麼規定，而且也沒有澄清，他在禁見中是否可以收寄信件。

... 突如其來的槍決，侵害了兩名囚犯聲請最後司法救濟並合法暫停執行的權利（縱使依據釋憲結果無法避免執行）。

... 難道法務部不知道五月三日的期限？或者法務部計畫在這四名犯下滔天大罪的死囚可以停止執行前，趕快處決他們？法務部有沒有詢問犯人或其律師，是否已聲請釋憲或已補正授權書？死囚柯世銘的違規，可否做為拒絕他與別人會面討論生死攸關決定的正當理由？最重要的是，為什麼執行的決定要保密？ ...

★ <中國時報> 社論   2010-05-10

「保護被害人執法單位做得太少」
...... 如果以為國家提供補償就是代罪犯賠償，因此吝於為之，不但犯了不諳犯罪被害人保護制度的錯誤，而且是將金錢看的遠比對犯罪被害人的撫慰來得重要。國家為了節省金錢而不肯向犯罪被害人伸出援手，豈是要為被害人伸張正義的政府所應有的態度？

...... 將殺人凶手處以極刑，其實換不回來犯罪被害人失去的生命，不但不能構成犯罪被害人的賠償，也並不能真正撫慰犯罪被害人受創的心靈。政府真的顧念犯罪被害人的苦痛，就絕不能以將罪犯繩之以法處以極刑就是交代了事，而必須要切實地負責推動犯罪被害人保護福利行政，寬列經費預算，普設保護機構，才是保障權益的真正方法，否則就是執行再多的死刑，也不是解藥。

★ <蘋果日報 >    2010-05-03

「死刑開始爭議未斷」（孫效智 台灣大學哲學系教授兼主任）
死刑存廢涉及多方議題，... 適切的懲罰則應與所犯的錯誤成正比，也應與行為人該負的責任正相關。前者就是所謂的刑罰比例原則；後者則承認究責不能簡單行事... 基督宗教談愛仇，儒家則言以直報怨。 ... 台灣老百姓在道德發展上並非人人都達到了自律與成熟的境界，政客更是在乎利益遠勝於正義，遑論恩慈待人。......主張廢死，是否過於理想主義？

★ <廢除死刑推動聯盟 > Mar 16 Tue 2010

是王部長，也是社會的難題！

～廢除死刑推動聯盟針對王清峰部長請辭下台的聲明

總統府和行政院也表示，將會透過修法減少死刑的使用。死刑是剝奪生命權的處罰，我們認為在現行死刑制度還維持的狀況下，司法機關要為死刑判決時，應該以最嚴謹的正當法律程序行之。具體建議應該要修法： 1. 死刑判決由合議庭一致決為之； 2. 最高法院針對死刑案件開言詞辯論； 3. 死刑案件第三審要律師強制辯護。

★ <自由時報 > 2010.04.05 　

台灣基督徒支持暫緩並廢除死刑之連署聲明
... 我們在深感遺憾之餘，發表此一公開的呼籲。

... 我們更呼籲台灣人民，發揮熱忱的宗教情操，去除報復的死刑觀，讓社會充滿和諧與溫馨，降低暴戾之氣，使致人於死的罪行減少，讓台灣成為一個尊重生命與人權的國家，一個充滿友愛、寬恕的社會。

★ <中國時報> 2010-03-29 【黃瑞明德國杜賓根大學法學博士，靜宜大學法律學系副教授】

「資訊不對稱下的廢死爭議」

... . 廢死聯盟..組織擁有「帷幄上奏權」，直接影響高層決策。... 在他們的引薦之下，外國的廢死團體可以直達天聽，... 這些資訊都見諸網路。遊說的管道如此暢通，難怪法務部會一面倒。 ...

這是一場資訊不對稱的爭論。廢除死刑的主張本身不是問題，但是百分之八十的人都支持死刑，他們卻欠缺最基本的資訊。在一個多元化的社會裡，這樣的「菁英」決策模式違反民主，當然遲早總要出問題。

★ <蘋果日報 > Mar. 18, 2010
　

「一位留德律師看德國廢死經驗」（黃瑞明律師、民間司改會董事）
... 廢止死刑絕非忽略被害人之感受，反而必須以更深入更精緻的作法去修復被害者所受之創傷，此即為「修復式司法」，...

... 在廢止死刑後德國採行了終身監禁之制度，因此也強化了監所的教化功能，在調查處遇方面，調查犯罪者之心理，成長歷程與行為預測，以作為預防犯罪之依據，促成此方面之研究與發展。相對地，滿足於報復式的死刑執行，將會減少此方面研究之動力，而無法促成預防犯罪之研究。

廢止死刑有許多配套措施，以兼顧社會安全，犯罪預防與矯治，並慰撫被害人及其家屬，以尋求和解代替報復，這是漫長且困難的社會工程，但卻是社會進步必須要走的路，...

★ <中國時報> 2010-03-14

「堅持死刑的危險性」   【謝世民中正大學哲學系教授】

... 有什麼樣的理由可以鬆動反對廢除死刑者的心防呢？... 除非... 當一個惡徒已經就擒、無法再傷害他人時，我們從他是罪無可赦、死有餘辜的一個人（因此若遭天打雷劈，我們可以額手稱慶），推論不出任何人有權利可以殺害他；即使（我們也勉強同意說）這個人因為作惡多端而永遠失去了人的道德地位，我們也推論不出任何人有權利可以殺害他。不錯，我們有權利出於自衛而殺害攻擊我們的惡徒，但是這樣的權利並不蘊含我們也有權利去殺害沒有能力攻擊我們的惡徒。

如果我們沒有這樣的權利，那麼，去殺害已經就擒的惡徒也是為惡。維持死刑的危險恐怕在此。

★ <聯合報 > , 2010.03.15
標題 :   「別對立了！找廢死公約數」 【陳長文／法學教授】

...... 法務部曾在去年做過調查，還是有近八成的人反對廢除死刑，但是如果採取比較長的有期徒刑、或者對無期徒刑的假釋加嚴，有百分之五十六的人贊成廢除死刑，目前在台灣有關死刑存廢的問題，還在發展當中。換言之，大多數國人雖仍反對死刑，但在了解其他替代與配套方案後，就有可能考慮支持廢除死刑。

... 政府該做的，就是在制度的建立面上，尋求這樣的公約數，在凝聚共識的過程中，找到一個既符合國際人權趨勢，也無違國內民意的中間地帶。 ...... 唯死刑已是「剝奪」而不只是「限制」，凡此是否衝突憲法的人權精神，其實不無疑義。......

★ <自由時報 > 2010.02.06

「討論死刑莫動氣」   /邱伊翎台灣人權促進會文宣部主任
.... 如果「以暴制暴」就叫做「正義」，如果大家只要看媒體報導，不用看證據跟卷宗，就可以判斷誰是好人、誰是壞人，決定誰應該要被判死刑，... 因為「有嫌疑」就要付出一條生命，這樣也叫做「正義」嗎？

正因為生命的「不可復返」，我們才需要以更審慎、理性的方式來討論死刑議題，而非訴諸民粹主義或情緒叫囂。而「民粹主義」也不見得就是真正站在「庶民」立場說話。

　

★ < WikiPedia >

The Number of Executed People in Taiwan since 1987

1987年以後台灣的死刑執行數(不含軍法審判)
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

10 22 69 78 59 35 18 17 16 22 38

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006~2009 2010

32 24 17 10 9 7 3 3 0 4

Controversial death sentences

There are accounts in which the organs were retrieved from the executed prisoners while they were still medically alive. Torture also exists in the investigation process, which may interfere with the credibility of the verdict......

Capital punishment has in the past been practiced in virtually every society, although currently only 58 nations actively practice it, with 95 countries abolishing it (the remainder having not used it for 10 years or allowing it only in exceptional circumstances such as wartime). It is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states, and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region.

★ 路透社 <Reuters >   April 30, 2010

Death penalty returns in Taiwan, 4 executed

Reuters) - Taiwan executed four people on Friday, the justice ministry said, in the island's first cases of capital punishment since 2005 when the sentence became a sensitive political issue.

★ 英國   <BBC >   Mar. 12, 2010

Taiwan's justice minister has resigned after failing to win support for her opposition to the death penalty.

... Ms Wang's comments were criticised by President Ma Ying-jeou, by her own Kuomintang party and by victims of violent crime. An opinion poll compiled after her remarks suggested three-quarters of the Taiwanese public supported capital punishment. ...The last executions in Taiwan were of two people in 2005. A total of 49 people died between 2000 and 2005.

★ <Amnesty International >  國際特赦組織       Mar. 18, 2010

OPEN LETTER ON DEATH PENALTY IN TAIWAN
http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/open-letter-death-penalty-taiwan-2010-03-18

Amnesty International has noted the recent debate on the death penalty sparked by former Minister of Justice Wang Ching-feng's open support for a moratorium on executions and her subsequent resignation. We write to ask you to ensure that Taiwan remains firm in reaching for its stated goal of
abolition of the death penalty.

...... In a time of heightened political debate, we urge you to demonstrate leadership and continue on the path toward abolition. ps: by Claudio Cordone Secretary General (ad interim)

★ <Taiwan Alliance to End the Death Penalty >   June 2010, Letter about the death penalty in the Taipei Times

The retention or abolition of the death penalty can be considered a reflection of a society's values. Abolition shows that a society gives priority to upholding human rights. Retention suggests that values of hatred and vengeance linger in society.......

However, the death penalty provides no guarantee of justice. Abolishing the death penalty doesn't mean that people who commit crimes escape justice. There is still strong punishment in the form of long prison sentences.

The death penalty also creates the risk of a gross miscarriage of justice when innocent people are executed. ......

　

　

　

Motion condemning the use of the death penalty in Taiwan, particularly the case of Chiou Ho-shun

Delegates of the FIDH 40th Congress,   10-25-2019

Recognize that the Taiwanese government resumed execution of the death penalty in 2010 after a 4-year moratorium and the passage of the Act to Implement the ICCPR & ICESCR in 2009.

Expressing deep concern that the rights of Mr. Chiou Ho-shun, who has spent over 30 years in detention, have been seriously violated. His access to a fair trial was denied due to the loss of physical exhibits during trial, without any opportunity of cross-examination of the witness. According to the recentJudgment of the Asian Human Rights Court Simulation (AHRCS) on the Case Chiou Ho-shun v. Taiwan by the 7 Judges who were human rights experts across the region, it ruled the Taiwaese government violated Articles 7 and 14 of the ICCPR.

Note with grave concern that the execution of the death row inmates living with psycho-social disability violated a series of UN resolutions and standards upheld in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The Guideline of Execution on the Death Penalty of Taiwan should be reviewed and revised to comply with the CRPD.

Note that three death row inmates died in prison this year, including one through suicide. No investigations have been carried out nor reports on these deaths. Currently there are 39 inmates on death row, and no proper procedure is in place for them to seek clemency. Every death row inmate has been constantly under the pressure and risk of being executed at anytime.

Note the fact that the execution is carried out by a single gunman. The psychological pressure and mental health of the executioner has not been taken seriously by the authorities. The secrecy surrounding the execution prevents the family members of the death row inmate from seeing him or her for the last time.

Recall that, during the FIDH 40th Congress in Taiwan, an FIDH international delegation visited the Taipei Detention Center, where Mr. Chiou Ho-shu, has been on death row for the past eight years and is awaiting execution.

Call upon the Taiwanese government to examine the human rights violations against Mr. Chiou Ho-shun, and to provide proper remedies for these violations.

Call upon the Taiwanese government to take necessary action to comply with Articles 6, 7, and 14 of the ICCPR, and the latest released General Comment no. 36. In the meantime, we strongly encourage the Taiwanese to impose a moratorium on the death penalty until its abolition.

Call upon the Taiwanese government to review the Guideline of Execution on the Death Penalty and to revise the items which violate the Convention on the Rights of persons with Disabilities (CRPD).

Call upon the Taiwanese government to review the procedure of clemency, and to ensure the effectiveness of the procedure.

Call upon the Taiwanese government to investigate the social and psychological conditions of the death row inmates, and to improve their treatment in detention.

　

ps: 以上為國內外各媒體摘要

　

◎ 「台灣五年來首度執行死刑」

★ <Wikipedia > 維基百科 Oct. 15, 2010 Controversial death sentences (可能為誤判的案件)

There are accounts in which the organs were retrieved from the executed prisoners while they were still medically alive. Torture also exists in the investigation process (虐待出現於台灣調查過程中), which may interfere with the credibility of the verdict......

AI譴責台灣政府執行死刑 Executions of five men in Taiwan condemned

歐盟德國政府對台灣再度執行五起死刑表達關切 Five executions spark concern in EU, Germany

EDITORIAL : Taiwan and the death penalty

★ 德國 Germany, 2010.05.01

譴責台灣執行死刑　廢死大挫敗

「孔傑榮專欄－執行死刑程序先改革」

「資訊不對稱下的廢死爭議」

The Number of Executed People in Taiwan since 1987

Controversial death sentences

1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997
10	22	69	78	59	35	18	17	16	22	38
1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006~2009	2010
32	24	17	10	9	7	3	3	0	4