★
美國國務院人權報告
released at
2017年3月3日
部分媒體在報導關於中國新聞時有「自我審查」狀況...
★
★ 無國界記者組織 Paris-based
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (RSF),
2017-04-27
●
台灣新聞自由現狀為“media
freedom on hold,”
2017年世界新聞自由指數，台灣排名第45
●
中國影響新聞自由
“the main threat to media freedom comes from China, which has been
exerting growing economic and political pressure on the Taiwanese
media.”
●
當地政府干預國營媒體Local government officials are also directly interfering
in the editorial policies of state-owned media,
●
RSF 選擇在台北成立組織的首間亞洲辦公室
( Asia bureau headquarters in Taipei )
★
★ 美國國務院人權報告
released at
2016年4月13日
◆
台灣記者協會指責政府侵權破壞新聞言論自由，違反新聞人權，且意圖阻止採訪抗議事件The
Association of Taiwan Journalists condemned
the arrests, saying they infringed on
freedom of the press, violated the
journalists’ human rights, and were meant to
deter media coverage of protests. /
three journalists were arrested while
covering a student protest against proposed
changes to curriculum guidelines for high
school textbooks (see section 2.b.). The
journalists were arrested for allegedly
trespassing(侵入) when they entered the Ministry
of Education without a permit and joined a
group of protesters who climbed over a fence
and broke into Minister Wu Se-hwa’s office.
The journalists, who denied the accusation,
were released without charge the next day.
afterward, the Ministry of Education
dropped its complaint against the
journalists.
◆
審查或內容限制，
基於政治考量與親中企業之影響，自我審查持續
Censorship or Content Restrictions:
Local academics and media activists alleged
that self-censorship continued as some media
chose to present news stories in favor of
the People’s Republic of China (PRC) due to
political considerations and the influence
of local businesses with close ties to the
PRC.
◆
concern
about the impact of the increasing
concentration of media ownership on freedom
of the press.
★
★ 無國界記者組織 Paris-based
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (RSF),
2016-04-20
2016年世界新聞自由指數，台灣排名第51，分數
24.37 - 比2015's 24.83退步，台灣新聞自由有些擔憂，擔心受到北京越來越深的影響，部分媒體在最近報導已改變態度，還有媒體會受到老闆立場，限制新聞的傳播。(The
main threat to media freedom comes from China, which has been
exerting growing economic and political pressure on the Taiwanese
media. The editorial line of some privately-owned media has changed
radically and it is no longer rare to find media outlets taking a
line similar to the Chinese Communist Party’s propaganda.
Journalistic independence is also threatened by Taiwanese officials
who interfere directly in the editorial policies of the state-owned
media.)
排名前5的分別是芬蘭、荷蘭、挪威、丹麥與紐西蘭。美國第41名(Freedom
ends where national security begins) 、中國第176，倒數第5
(Great Firewall and systematic imprisonment
) 。
◎
★ 自由之家
(Freedom House 美國華盛頓智庫 a Washington-based think tank
, USA),
2016年4月27日
報告ASIA-PACIFIC
Regional Rankings & Scores，台灣新聞自由(Global
Rank)排名全球第46(44-46同分)，亞太第7，分數(press
freedom score)為26分。
legal environment(0-30)為9分 political environment(0-40)9
economic environment8(0-30)。Top
score 國家為Norway, Belgium,
Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, Andorra, Luxembourg,
Switzerland , Liechtenstein,
Iceland; 另 Canada no. 22, US 30, Germany
25, UK 41, NZ 26, Aus 33, Japan 45.
自由之家 2-1-2017: Taiwan 的自由度(Freedom in the world)91(100: Most Free)，與37~42名Bahamas,
Costa Rica, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, St Vincent & Grenadines等國同分, 但列在表格第42。
★
美國國務院人權報告
released at
2015年6月26日 The US Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
for 2014,
行政院之抗議者為警方以水柱棍棒(batons)驅逐，
至少174人受傷... 媒體傳出記者遇暴力事件 ( Local media have reported incidents of
police obstruction and violence directed at journalists who were
covering protests against administration policies.)
一些媒體因中國大陸因素自我審查(Local academics and media activists alleged that
self-censorship continued as some media chose to present news
stories in favor of the PRC due to political considerations and the
influence of local businesses with close ties to the PRC.)
★ 自由之家
(Freedom House 美國華盛頓智庫 a Washington-based think tank
, USA),
2015年4月30日
◆
批評台灣司法與 檢察官的網頁 (http://intlhumanrights.com/TaiwanJudiciary.htm
http://intlhumanrights.com/ProsecutorsTaiwan.htm ) 在台灣政府單位測試無法開啟
- 國家圖書館 ( test at 2-19-2016) and 北市府大安區公所八樓(test at
3-14-2016)... but non-gov. places may see them.
ps: test again in 信義區公所 at 5-22-2017, it's not "banned" now.
★ 無國(疆)界記者組織 Paris-based
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (RSF),2015年2月13日 無疆界記者組織（Reporters
Without Borders）今天公布「2015年全球新聞自由指數」(Press
Freedom Index)，台灣在180個受評國家或地區中排名第51位，較去年下滑1名。Top
8 : Finland, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, New Zealand,
Austria, Canada.
★
美國國務院 2013年人權報告 The US Country Reports on Human Rights Practices
for 2013, released at
2014年2月27日
媒體壟斷衝擊新聞自由也是一大隱憂。
台灣媒體因為企業利益和中國的影響已出現自我審查的現象。自我審查設限的新聞報導案例:
兩大報在報導中國訪台官員時，較偏袒中國官員，及中央社未報導蓋洛普對台灣的生活滿意度調查
― 台灣人對生活感到悲觀(Gallup poll that found Taiwanese were
pessimistic about their daily life.)。
★ 自由之家
(Freedom House 美國華盛頓智庫 a Washington-based think tank
, USA),
2014年5月2日
美國國務院發言人希望台灣人對於服貿的討論可以平和且有公民秩序的文明方式進行
(“peacefully and civilly.”)
State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf said Monday the U.S.
supports Taiwan’s vibrant democracy, and hopes that its discussion
over the trade agreement can be conducted “peacefully and civilly.”
(Political protests in Taiwan are common, but violent confrontations
relatively rare, reflecting the high level of civil discourse
resulting from the transition from one-party dictatorship to robust
democracy in the mid-1990s. The United States has welcomed
steps taken by China and Taiwan to reduce tensions.)
★
國際記者聯盟The International
Federation of Journalists
, 2014年3月26日 Journalists Obstructed as Police Use Force at Taiwan Student
Demonstration
國際記者聯盟(IFJ)譴責台灣限制記者報導服貿引發的警察暴力對付學生示威與衝突對抗。
The International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) joins
its affiliate the Association of Taiwan Journalists (ATJ) in
condemning the restraining of media reporting on a
student-led demonstration in Taiwan which led to a violent
confrontation between police and protestors earlier this
week. This week, the ATJ issued a declaration on the
infringement of coverage with calls for police education in
the wake of the heavy-handed police response.
★
法國巴黎無疆界記者組織Paris-based
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (RSF),
2014年2月13日
台灣從去年的四十七名退步至第五十名。台港澳媒體獨立性
陷險境。
法國巴黎無疆界記者組織Paris-based
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (RSF), a press freedom watchdog body
★<Freedom
House>, Washington D.C., USA
( 自由之家，美國華盛頓智庫
a Washington-based think tank
), USA, 2013年5月1日
台灣新聞自由今年分數比2012與
2011年退步 1分，排名全球第47，亞太第8，退步
1位。
<Freedom House> 2013 report
(
the Freedom of the Press world survey)
May 1, 2013
台灣政治兩極化、媒體自我審查和中國間接影響，對主流媒體的意見多元化有所限制。(Political
polarization, self-censorship and indirect Chinese influence limit the diversity
of opinions represented in Taiwan’s mainstream media)
台灣以二十六分在全球排名中被列入第四十七,
亞太地區排名則與吐瓦魯同列為第八。
台灣退步了一分與一位，主要原因是在法規和執照核發方面，由於台灣拖延核發執照，使壹電視台的老闆必須在財務困難下宣佈放棄。報告表示，去年元月總統大選時，觀察者注意到在中國和台灣擁有龐大事業的企業大亨取得媒體市場更大的控制，在台灣引起記者、學生和社會運動者的抗議，擔心台灣的多元化受到威脅。
蘋果日報5/3/2013:
台灣在法律環境項目出現變化，與媒體大環境和經營者有關，報告所指問題的確是台灣應改進之處，像媒體壟斷或易手等事件都還在討論，立法也未完全確立，希望未來法令能建構較健康的媒體環境，別讓政治和財團干擾新聞自由。 Freedom House, a Washington-based
non-governmental organization that supports the expansion of freedom
around the world.
★ <Freedom
House>, Washington D.C., USA
( 自由之家，美國華盛頓智庫
a Washington-based think tank
), USA, 2013年6月1日
★
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (無疆界記者組織 RSF,
Reporters without Borders),
法國巴黎
France,
2013年1月30日
2012-2013年全球新聞自由度排名，台灣排名47名。比2012年排名45退步2位
。the
watchdog was concerned about the protests in Taiwan last year
against the Want Want China Times Group’s (旺旺中時集團) bid to buy into
another media group
Concentration of
ownership of media outlets
raised concerns about
freedom of expression and
editorial independence. In
July, the National
Communications Commission
(NCC) conditionally approved
Want Want China Times
Group’s acquisition of a
major cable television
channel and, in November,
acquisition of newspaper
giant Next Media. In
December, the Taipei High
Administrative Court ruled
that the NCC had the
executive power to revoke
the Group’s acquisition of
another cable television
channel because the channel
had failed to meet the
conditions set by the NCC.
★
<2013台灣民主基金會民調>, 世新大學執行, 2013年12月10日 (自由時報、聯合報、The
China Post、The Taipei Times)
「保障秘密通訊自由」(communication
privacy and freedom)的滿意度表現，從前年2011年的3.5分大幅度滑落到今年(2013)的2.4分(range
0.0~5.0)，創下新低。
★
<Freedom House>
( 自由之家，美國華盛頓智庫
a Washington-based think tank
), USA, 2012年5月1日
台灣新聞自由排名全球第47，亞太第7，台灣今年分數與去年相同皆為25分。
台灣的法律環境獲得8分，比去年降低一分。Taiwan scored an 8 for its legal environment (1 point worse than in last year's
survey), a 9 for its political environment (no change), and an 8 for its
economic environment (1 point better than last year).
★
<Reporters Sans Frontieres> (無疆界記者組織 RSF,
Reporters without Borders),
法國巴黎
France,
2012年1月25日
2011-12年全球新聞自由度排名，台灣排名45名。
Taiwan's rank on Freedom of Press ( freedom of Information) : 45th.
ps:
2008年排名第36.
Press freedom Index : Finland No.1, Norway No.1
New Zealand
No.13, Japan No. 22, Australia No.30, South Korea
No.44,
Taiwan No.45, USA, No.47, HK No.54 US extra territorial No. 57, China
No.174，亞太地區排名:
紐西蘭（No. 13）、澳洲 (30)、日本（22）、南韓（No.
44）、美國(47)
Apple Daily News, Jan. 26, 2012
Taiwan's rank in 2011 : No.48
★
<Taipei Times>, Dec. 11 2012 The
Democratic Progressive Party: The erosion of human rights
under KMT's administration, in particular regarding the
judiciary and media, has placed
Taiwan’s proud democracy in jeopardy(民主出現危機)
and requires attention from the international community, ...
applying a three-part strategy to monopolize
local media (壟斷媒體的策略) by first “paralyzing the public
television system and controlling the Chinese Television System,”
then following up with Want Want China Times Group’s (旺旺中時集團)
“vertical integration of a cable television service and horizontal
integration of its pending merger of the Next Media Group.”...
Implementing the Assembly and Parade Act (集會遊行法) was the most
glaring example of Ma’s noncompliance with the covenants,...
there were two major crises in Taiwan: first, people’s suffering
from the sluggish economy; second, the backsliding of human rights
and the re-emergence of authoritarianism.
★ <China Post>, Dec. 11 2012 The Democratic Progressive Party
(DPP) chairman: Taiwan currently faces two major human rights
crises: prosecutors that abuse
their powers to persecute the
people, and private interests that wield dangerous power over the
media, Su said, pointing to China as one of the big players in the
monopolization of Taiwan's media.
DPP's Policy Research Committee: a recent poll indicates that
62.3 % of Taiwanese are dissatisfied
with the government's protection of
human rights.
(民進黨民調: 62.3%不滿意人權保障，67%不滿意司法人權保障，64.9%不滿意政治人權保障)
清大學生陳為廷日前在立法院指責教育部長蔣偉寧的言行引各方爭議(作家張大春:好膽就搞革命吧？仗著立委撐腰，那嘴臉也不過就是鷹爪犬牙而已
VS 詩人羅毓嘉:部長公然說謊，是失德…不值得以禮相待。)
★<蘋果日報>，
蘋論：本案的重點不是陳的態度禮不禮貌，而是教長「關心」學生的社運是否適當的問題。尤其在解嚴沒多久...教育部長的關心之說格外敏感，會導致對立也其來有自。戒嚴時期，警備總部約談並恐嚇異議人士時也是使用「關心」這個有弦外之音的語詞。
Freedom House, a Washington-based
non-governmental organization that supports the expansion of freedom
around the world.
★ <Freedom
House>, Washington D.C., USA,
2012年1月20日
中國在台置入行銷，自由之家示警...
(1)2011年開始出現台灣媒體中放入中國官方夾頁，或由中地方政府購買報導卻不告知讀者資金來源...
(2) 刑事毀謗條款保留，並用於起訴記者與部落客，對台新聞自由形成挑戰...
(3)台灣總統大選反映高度集會與表達自由，但反對黨抱怨競爭不公與北京介入之憂慮(會損害兩岸經濟等)。complaints
about unfair competition and concerns about Beijing's interference
were present throughout the presidential election campaign...
the Washington-based group pro-democracy watchdog highlighted
Taiwan's presidential elections in its Freedom. (Taipei
Times, 自由時報 頭版, 1/21/2012)
Taiwan was criticized over issues to
do with the
death
penalty, freedom of expression,
justice and migrants' rights.(台灣被批評項目:
死刑、言論表達自由、司法、外籍權益)
Amnesty International, London, UK, annual report The State of the
World's Human Rights 2011,
2011年5月13日
政府以台灣無共識為由繼續執行死刑Amnesty International Taiwan deputy secretary-general Yang Tsung-li
criticized the government, saying it used a lack of public consensus
as an excuse to uphold capital punishment.
The executions last
year were carried out one day after a hearing on the issue, and the
executions in March came less than one month after Ma offered an
apology to the family of Chiang Kuo-ching (江國慶), who was found to
have been wrongfully executed
政府未信守承諾修改(集會遊行法)The report also criticized Taiwan’s government for what it said
was its failure to deliver on promises to amend the Assembly and
Parade Act that limits citizens’ rights to assembly and free
speech.
法官涉集體收賄醜聞It also voiced concerns over the slow progress to enact a judges’
act to address corruption scandals involving high court judges and
over the working conditions of migrant workers.外籍勞工多項權益受侵害
also reported by Taiwan's media ― Apple Daily news
(Chinese language) and Taipei Times (English)
No.1 "Taiwan freedom of speech" on English Yahoo,
2015年1 月7日測試,
2011年10 月10日測試
No.1 "Taiwan freedom of expression" on Google,
2012年12月4日&1月11日測試,
No.2 at 1.11.2015
<the Christian Science Monitor
基督科學箴言報>
美國 - 2011年1月3日
For the past two years, Freedom House has downgraded Taiwan's
rating in its annual report on global press freedom. Critics say
it's common for government propaganda to masquerade as 'news.'
美國自由之家連續二年降低台灣新聞自由之評比
政府的宣傳化身為新聞的情況滿常見(common)
▼ ...many observers say
that the glitter of the island republic’s free press has been
overrated, especially in a highly commercialized news culture
that is both deeply partisan and prey to political favors.
▼The placement of advertising as news is only the “tip of the
iceberg,”
▼One example of creeping government influence is the
media's
minimization of criticism of government policies and
exaggeration of its achievements, says Guang, who teaches
journalism at National Chung Cheng University.......“Taiwan’s news media are not yet independent,”
(台灣新聞媒體尚未獨立)says Guang.
“Can the public really accept this?”
Freedom House expresses concern over public television integrity
...
"We encourage Taiwan's policy makers to ensure that the PTS does not
become a casualty of political conflict." ps :
Freedom House pointed out
that
Taiwan
denied a
visa to Kadeer Rabiye
Qadir, Uighur dissidents in Sept. 2009.
★
<自由之家
Freedom House/IFEX> -
美國 華府, Jan 13,
2011
自由之家 : 台灣媒體環境惡化
Freedom House 2011 report
the report rated Taiwan's freedom of the media lower than the
previous year, on the basis of a controversy surrounding the country's
Public Television Service (PTS).
The heads of PTS were removed in last September amid concerns about the
independence of publicly-funded media.
ReportersWithoutBorders believes that a
democratic government should take pride in defending the
state-owned media’s independence. Protecting their
independence is essential in order to guarantee a really
democratic political system, one that allows all political
parties and all sectors of society to make their voices
heard.
...We
urge ... to ensure
that PTS's (Taiwan's
Public Television Service) editorial independence
...
<自由之家>關切<公視>領導階層的變更 Freedom House Expresses Concern over Public Television Integrity
in Taiwan
Freedom House urges Taiwan to safeguard the integrity of the
country's public broadcaster following the removal of its
leadership.
On September 19, Taiwan’s Public Television Service Foundation, the
entity that oversees the Public Television Service (PTS), took the
unusual step of removing the station’s leadership, Sylvia Feng
(President and CEO) and Chung Yu-yuan (Executive Vice President),
just three months before their three-year terms were set to expire.
The Public Broadcasting Foundation claimed that the firings were
made on the basis of poor performance, an assertion that Feng and
Chung reject and may challenge in court ...
★
台灣 <Taipei Times> ,
2010年
5月1日
台灣新聞自由下降
SELF-CENSORSHIP
Freedom
House cited softening criticism of Ma and China
after the China Times Group was bought by a
businessman with interests in China
◎
置入行銷手法的影響 : ..., a revival of
‘embedded marketing’ amidst economic
difficulties resulting from the global financial
crisis, actions by media owners and government
influence over the editorial content of publicly
owned outlets posed challenges for media
independence during the year.”
◎
公視董事會爭議 : ... a controversy concerning board members
at the Public Television Service (PTS)
and
personnel changes the government made at
state-owned media that “have raised concerns
that their aim is to influence the editorial
content of the nonpartisan outlets.”
◎
中央社依指示修改報導內容: .. 2009 that
criticism of the government in the Central News
Agency’s [CNA] coverage appeared to have been
markedly toned down since the end of 2008, ... deputy
president and CNA staff reported receiving
editorial directives to alter certain content,”
the report said.
◎
軟化批評台灣政府與北京: ... Tsai Eng-meng
(蔡衍明),... purchased the China Times Group... softening criticism of the Ma
administration, Beijing or improvements in
cross-strait ties. This also raised concerns
over the potential direct or indirect influence
of the Chinese government on free expression in
Taiwan,”...
The
quality
and
sustainability
of
Taiwan's
hard-won
democracy
is
now
being
increasingly
threatened
by
invasive
"embedded advertising"
and
"censorship
without
borders"
from
the
authoritarian
People's
Republic
of
China.
... One
of
the
reasons
cited
by
Freedom
House
for
the
erosion
has
been
the
use
by
the
Ma
administration
of
huge
amounts
of
taxpayer
funds
to
engage
in
"embedded
advertising"
or
promotion
or
propaganda
of
government
policies
packaged
as
"news"
stories
or
features.
...
As a
result
of
embedded
marketing
and
the
frequent
use
of
"news"
stories
to
engage
in
marketing
by
public
as
well
as
private
sector
interests,
the
credibility
of
the
Taiwan
news
media
has
fallen
to
its
lowest
level
since
...
July
1987.
....
However,
an
even
greater
threat
to
news
freedom,
freedom
of
expression
and
the
credibility
of
our
news
media
is
... PRC,
...
is now
actively
exploiting
the
opportunity
posed
by
"cross-strait
reconciliation"
to
buy
influence
in
print
and
broadcast
media
in
Taiwan.
Taiwan
will face greater challenges in defending
existing hard-won levels of
news freedom in
the wake of the signing of the controversial
“Cross-Strait Economic Cooperation Framework
Agreement” with the authoritarian ... China.
... a new report
... on the impact of ECFA on Taiwan warned that Taiwan’s
government and citizens cannot ignore the
“contradictions” between the broadcasting
and news media systems of Taiwan and the PRC
......
http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1333042&lang=eng_news&cate_img=46.jpg&cate_rss=news_Editorial
公媒體的獨立性受威脅
儘管政府否認 (Public media independence threatened, despite government denials )
Reporters Without Borders urges President Ma
Ying-jeou to keep his promises to us to respect public media
independence.
★ <無疆界記者組織 Reporters Without Borders>,
法國巴黎 2008年11月8日
台灣10多名記者在抗議中受傷 (More than 10 journalists injured during opposition protests
against Chinese visit)
Reporters Without Borders deplores the violence against journalists in
Taipei in the course of protests against a visit by a Chinese government
representative during the past few days.
At least 10 journalists were injured during
protests on 6 November by supporters of the opposition
Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) against the meeting in
Taipei between President Ma Ying-jeou and Chen Yunlin,
Freedom House Calls for Inquiry into Taiwan Clashes
Freedom House urges Taiwan's government to
create an independent commission to thoroughly investigate
clashes between police and activists protesting Chinese envoy
Chen Yunlin's historic visit and recommend needed reforms. ...
The clashes reveal a need for police to undergo crowd control
training that adheres to the standards used in other
democracies. Likewise, demonstrators and political advocacy
groups must recommit themselves to orderly protests that avoid
violence under any circumstances.
Also of note was the influence of owners over
the editorial content of media they acquire. After Tsai Eng-Meng,
a businessman with significant commercial interests in the PRC
purchased the China Times Group in November 2008, a series of
incidents in 2009—including Tsai’s own comments to the
media—pointed to a subsequent change in editorial policy in the
direction of softening criticism of the Ma administration,
Beijing, or improvements in cross-strait ties. This also raised
concerns over the potential direct or indirect influence of the
Chinese government on free expression in Taiwan.
